The Internet of Things, as an emerging network of item information, provides a fundamental platform for achieving automated tracking and traceability of items in the supply chain. Tracking and tracing items in the logistics supply chain is of great significance for achieving efficient logistics management and business operations.

With the development of the Internet of Things, its technology has also been widely applied in various aspects of agricultural production. Currently, most vegetable production enterprises have been promoting green vegetables, but consumers cannot see whether vegetables are truly green food. With the Internet of Things, consumers can use the ordering machine installed in the kitchen to send the required vegetable information to the manufacturer, who will deliver the freshest vegetables to their doorstep; After the vegetables are delivered to the home, consumers can check the barcode on the vegetable packaging online to understand the entire process of the vegetable from seed to picking.

At the same time, with the application of Internet of Things technology, online ordering of green vegetables can be provided, which can timely deliver green vegetables to consumers, ensuring the freshness of food. At the same time, consumers can search online through product barcodes to understand the entire production process of purchased vegetables, ensuring that green and organic products are not adulterated, and making consumers feel at ease when buying.

By applying IoT based traceability technology, every food is labeled with a QR code, allowing consumers to check the source, fertilization, and medication of vegetables no matter where they are sold, enabling them to consume clearly. Vegetable production enterprises can monitor the temperature, humidity, air pressure, carbon dioxide concentration, and other closely related data of the air and land in the vegetable production hall in real time. Moreover, many tasks that previously required management personnel to complete, such as when to ventilate the hall, when to water vegetables, and how to open the shading net, can now be automatically completed by the corresponding settings installed in the network after the installation of IoT sensors and networks.

1. Related technologies and research status

In terms of IoT related technology, China has also made corresponding breakthroughs in the software of wireless sensor networks. CAS 16CLSCAS has developed its own middleware software based on foreign operating systems. For example, the wireless sensor network middleware platform based on mobile agents developed by the Wireless Sensor Network Research Center of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, and the wireless sensor network development kit developed by Shenlian Technology. Domestic research institutions have proposed many innovative ideas and theories in theoretical research, such as wireless sensor network protocols, algorithms, and architectures. In this regard, domestic universities such as Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Tsinghua University, and Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications have all achieved some relevant theoretical research results.

Many universities in the United States have conducted extensive work in wireless sensor networks abroad. Examples include the CENS (Center for Embedded Networked Sensing) laboratory, the Windows (Wireless Integrated Netwok Sensors) laboratory, and the IRL (Internet Research Lab) at the University of California, Los Angeles.

This article refers to the actual production processes of some vegetable enterprises and draws on relevant research on traceability systems at home and abroad. By studying the processing scheme of vegetable traceability systems based on the Internet of Things, the original web-based vegetable traceability system processing scheme has been improved to a certain extent, and has been applied in practical projects, achieving good results.

2. Internet of Things and Its Working Principles

2.1 Definition of the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things is defined as a network that connects any item to the Internet for information exchange and communication through information sensing devices such as radio frequency identification (RFID), infrared sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanners, etc. according to the agreed protocol to achieve intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management.

2.2 Workflow of the Internet of Things

The basic workflow of the Internet of Things consists of four parts, namely an information collection system (RFID system), PML information server, product naming server (ONS), and application management system. The system structure of the Internet of Things is shown in Figure 1.